What reasoning is logical?

For a person who has never infiltrated the secrets of logic, its entries look totally confusing. For instance, what would your understanding of the following be?

(A →B) V (B →A)

And what if we start with the vocabulary of logic: conjunction, disjunction, equivalence, negation, implication...

But logic is something we all have in as part of thought processes, without even knowing it.

Induction and deduction

For example, we all use induction and deduction to a certain degree, we are just not aware of it.

Induction is a method of reasoning whereby we make a general conclusion based on particular events . It sounds complicated, but it isn't.

Let us try an example. You are on a meadow; see a dandelion that test iq » has a yellow flower. You come home and see that the yellow flower of a dandelion has also bloomed on the lawn. And when you exquisitely look into your neighbour's garden, you discover that he also has dandelions in his garden and that they are also yellow. From these facts, you conclude that a dandelion flower is yellow.

Of course, the more yellow dandelions you come across during your life, the more credible will this conclusion be. However, despite this, somewhere lurks the possibility that a blue dandelion exists, who may not have been seen by anyone, but on the other hand, you can never be certain that such a dandelion test your iq » does not in fact exist. To be certain that it does not, you would need to find and check all the dandelions in the world. If they were all found to be yellow, your conclusion would be equivalent to an irrefutable law. However, in science this is not usually possible. Just remember how the theory of relativity destroyed Newton's physics. Moreover, this is not at all possible in understanding man.

Deduction is a manner of reasoning that is somewhat the reverse of induction. We logically reach a theoretical premise, which we verify using facts - we make a component conclusion from a general premise . In science this premise is supported by prior discoveries, laws and conclusions. If we connect tests iq » them in various ways, we may find surprising premise, for which we shall look for confirmation in practice.

Once again, let us give one example from a domestic situation. Whenever there are visitors outside your front door, they ring the doorbell. Every person rings the doorbell differently. You know that the postman as well as your neighbour ring twice. However, you also know that the postman visits before noon, whereas the neighbour visits in the evening. This information can be used to create a law: The postman rings twice before noon on weekdays, the neighbour rings twice at anytime in the evening. (It is true that this example has many flaws the average iq » and deficiencies - an ill neighbour who comes to visit in the morning because she needs a Paralen capsule would shatter this law into little pieces). On Wednesday before noon, you hear the doorbell ring twice and you deduce, on the basis of this law, that you will receive a letter or package.

Inductions and deductions are fundamental strategies that you use when, for example, you are doing an IQ test . Click here for more information.

Give proof!

There is a great deal of proof for logic and most would put our head in a spin. The basic proof is direct proof (if A applies, then B also applies) or indirect proof (if mensa iq test » B does not apply, then A also does not apply).

Nevertheless, let us try to give an example of reduction to the absurd (a beautiful term, ain't it?). It is based on the fact that if we have some premise that leads to an bad outcome, then the premise is incorrect and its opposite must apply.

You are talking to your wife about what you will do on the weekend. Your wife tells you: "We should go to the cottage to do that roof, as its meant to be ideal weather the whole weekend - not a cloud in the sky, favourable temperature." But you are really not keen on this, so you investigate the online iq tests » meteorological forecasts and find out that it should be quite windy. You ask you wife if she could help you on the weekend by holding the ladder, because you will want to pick the apples. When she refuses, saying that it will be too windy and you could fall, you have won. The reason is that if it is not safe to climb up a ladder in the wind while picking apples, then it is not true that this would be safe to do this to get on the roof at the cottage. Thus, there is no reason to go anywhere. Simple, isn't it?

OK, let's give one more example, this iq test online » time a more "model" one:

If you have a very bright child, it could happen that he will get one over you. Yes, just like any parent, you too prompt your child to pay attention at school and especially to listen to the teacher, because he is an educated person and at school is the de facto long hand of the parent, who can praise as well as punish. However, your child could come to you and ask you whether he could go on holiday with his friend. You are appalled, because the mother of this friend is a former teacher who became famous at the school by using very "advanced" on line iq test » techniques, for which she was later fired. You prohibit your son from going on this holiday, saying that you will not allow such a woman corrupt your son. Surely, you will not allow her to teach him how to swear or, worse still, spur him on to do some mischief. However, at that moment your son has the upper hand - if this teacher does not have a good influence on children (or, more aptly, good influence on children in the eyes of the parents), then it is not true that all teachers behave in favour of children and parents. Thus, it is not true that he would have to listen take iq test » to all teachers indiscriminately.